【itis句型句式】句式句型专题（六）：倒装句

句式句型专题（六）：倒装句
（三）倒装
1 全部倒装 是将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
　 There goes the bell.　 Then came the chairman.　 Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
　　Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.　　Ahead sat an old woman.
　注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
　　 Here he comes.　　 Away they went. 
2 部分倒装 　将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
句首为否定或半否定词语，no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
　　Never have I seen such a performance.　　Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。　　 I have never seen such a performance.  典型例题　　  1)　----Why cant I smoke here?　　----At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted　　       B.　smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted　       D.　does smoking permit  
答案A. 正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.`
　　A. man did know　 B. man know　 C. didnt man know　 D. did man know
　答案D.　正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 
3 以否定词开头作部分倒装 
 如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
　 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
　 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
　 No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.  典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began　B.　has the game begun   C. did the game begin　 D.　had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. 
4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装    表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。　　　　
　　Tom can speak French. So can Jack.　　If you wont go, neither will I.   典型例题
　---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? 　---I dont know, _____.
　A. nor dont I care　　B. nor do I care　　C. I dont care neither　　D. I dont care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。,
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
　 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.     　
---Its raining hard.　---So it is. 
5 only在句首要倒装的情况 
Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 
6 as, though 引导的倒装句 
 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
注意： 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
　　　 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。　 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
7 其他部分倒装 
1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2)　在某些表示祝愿的句型中：　　May you all be happy.
3)　在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。　 Were I you, I would try it again.   典型例题：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is　　
A. man did know　 B. man knew　 C. didnt man know　 D. did man know
答案为D.
2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.　 
A. didnt I realize　　B. did I realize　　C. I didnt realize　D. I realize
答案为B。
3)　----Do you know Tom bought a new car?　----I dont know, ___
　A. nor dont I care　 B. nor do I care　 　
C. I dont care neither　D. I dont care also
　解析：答案为B.　句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。